Learning pronouns in Hindi, an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in India, is essential for mastering both spoken and written forms of the language. Hindi pronouns vary according to person, number, gender, and case. This guide covers personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, and interrogative pronouns, providing detailed explanations and examples for each, including transliterations for pronunciation help.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Hindi replace nouns referring to people or things and change based on their function in a sentence (subject, object).

Subject Pronouns:

• मैं (Main) – I: “मैं जा रहा हूँ।” (Main jā rahā hūṁ) – I am going.
• तू (Tū) – You (singular, informal): “तू कहाँ है?” (Tū kahāṁ hai?) – Where are you?
• तुम (Tum) – You (singular/plural, informal): “तुम कैसे हो?” (Tum kaise ho?) – How are you?
• आप (Āp) – You (singular/plural, formal): “आप कैसे हैं?” (Āp kaise hain?) – How are you?
• वह (Vah) – He/She/It: “वह पढ़ रहा है।” (Vah paṛh rahā hai) – He is reading.
• हम (Hum) – We: “हम खेल रहे हैं।” (Hum khel rahe hain) – We are playing.
• वे (Ve) – They: “वे आ रहे हैं।” (Ve ā rahe hain) – They are coming.

Object Pronouns:

Object pronouns often follow the verb and indicate to whom or what the action is directed.

• मुझे (Mujhe) – Me: “मुझे देखो।” (Mujhe dekho) – Look at me.
• तुझे (Tujhe) – You (singular, informal): “मैं तुझे समझता हूँ।” (Main tujhe samajhtā hūṁ) – I understand you.
• तुम्हें (Tumhein) – You (singular/plural, informal): “मैं तुम्हें बुला रहा हूँ।” (Main tumhein bulā rahā hūṁ) – I am calling you.
• आपको (Āpko) – You (singular/plural, formal): “मैं आपको जानता हूँ।” (Main āpko jāntā hūṁ) – I know you.
• उसे (Use) – Him/Her/It: “मैं उसे देख सकता हूँ।” (Main use dekh saktā hūṁ) – I can see him/her/it.
• हमें (Hamein) – Us: “वह हमें जानता है।” (Vah hamein jāntā hai) – He knows us.
• उन्हें (Unhein) – Them: “मैं उन्हें प्यार करता हूँ।” (Main unhein pyār kartā hūṁ) – I love them.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Hindi indicate ownership and are often used with the word “का” (kā), “की” (kī), or “के” (ke) depending on the gender and number of the noun.

• मेरा/मेरी/मेरे (Merā/Merī/Mere) – My/Mine: “मेरा घर।” (Merā ghar) – My house.
• तेरा/तेरी/तेरे (Terā/Terī/Tere) – Your/Yours (singular, informal): “तेरी किताब।” (Terī kitāb) – Your book.
• उसका/उसकी/उसके (Uskā/Uskī/Uske) – His/Hers: “उसका फोन।” (Uskā phone) – His/Her phone.
• हमारा/हमारी/हमारे (Hamārā/Hamārī/Hamāre) – Our/Ours: “हमारी टीम।” (Hamārī ṭīm) – Our team.
• आपका/आपकी/आपके (Āpkā/Āpkī/Āpke) – Your/Yours (formal): “आपका संदेश।” (Āpkā sandesh) – Your message.
• उनका/उनकी/उनके (Unkā/Unkī/Unke) – Their/Theirs: “उनके पास।” (Unke pās) – Theirs.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Hindi point to specific nouns and vary based on proximity.

• यह (Yah) – This: “यह किताब।” (Yah kitāb) – This book.
• वह (Vah) – That: “वह लड़का।” (Vah laṛkā) – That boy.
• ये (Ye) – These: “ये फूल।” (Ye phūl) – These flowers.
• वे (Ve) – Those: “वे घर।” (Ve ghar) – Those houses.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in Hindi are used when the subject performs an action upon itself.

• खुद (Khud) – Myself/Yourself/Himself/Herself: “मैं खुद को समझता हूँ।” (Main khud ko samajhtā hūṁ) – I understand myself.

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, places, or things.

• कौन (Kaun) – Who: “कौन आया?” (Kaun āyā?) – Who came?
• क्या (Kyā) – What: “क्या हुआ?” (Kyā huā?) – What happened?
• किसका/किसकी/किसके (Kiskā/Kiskī/Kiske) – Whose: “किसका फोन?” (Kiskā phone?) – Whose phone?

Understanding and correctly using Hindi pronouns is vital for effective communication. Practice forming sentences with each type of pronoun, and try to engage in conversations or writing exercises to apply these concepts actively. Remember, the context and the nuances of Hindi grammar play a significant role in choosing the correct pronoun form.