Learning pronouns in Gujarati, an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in the Indian state of Gujarat, is crucial for effective communication. Gujarati pronouns vary according to person, number, and, in some cases, gender. This guide covers personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, and interrogative pronouns, providing detailed explanations and examples for each, including transliterations for pronunciation help.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Gujarati replace nouns referring to people or things and change based on their function in a sentence (subject or object).

Subject Pronouns:

• હું (Huṁ) – I: “હું જાઉં છું.” (Huṁ jāuṁ chuṁ) – I am going.
• તું (Tuṁ) – You (singular, informal): “તું ક્યાં છે?” (Tuṁ kyāṁ che?) – Where are you?
• તે (Te) – He/She/It: “તે આવે છે.” (Te āve che) – He/She/It comes.
• આપણે (Āpaṇe) – We: “આપણે જીત્યા.” (Āpaṇe jītyā) – We won.
• તમે (Tame) – You (plural or formal): “તમે શું કરો છો?” (Tame śuṁ karo cho?) – What are you doing?
• તેઓ (Teo) – They: “તેઓ રમે છે.” (Teo rame che) – They are playing.

Object Pronouns:

Object pronouns often follow the verb and indicate to whom or what the action is directed.

• મને (Mane) – Me: “મને કૉલ કરો.” (Mane kōl karo) – Call me.
• તને (Tane) – You: “હું તને જોઉં છું.” (Huṁ tane jōuṁ chuṁ) – I see you.
• તેને (Tene) – Him/Her: “હું તેને મળ્યો.” (Huṁ tene maḷyo) – I met him/her.
• આપણને (Āpaṇne) – Us: “તેઓ આપણને જાણે છે.” (Teo āpaṇne jāṇe che) – They know us.
• તમને (Tamne) – You (plural or formal): “મેં તમને બોલાવ્યા.” (Meṁ tamne bōlāvyā) – I called you.
• તેમને (Temne) – Them: “મેં તેમને સમજાવ્યું.” (Meṁ temne samjāvyuṁ) – I explained to them.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Gujarati indicate ownership and are used before the noun they modify.

• મારું (Māruṁ) – My: “મારું ઘર.” (Māruṁ ghar) – My house.
• તારું (Tāruṁ) – Your (singular, informal): “તારું પુસ્તક.” (Tāruṁ pustak) – Your book.
• તેનું (Tenuṁ) – His/Her: “તેનું કામ.” (Tenuṁ kām) – His/Her work.
• આપણું (Āpaṇuṁ) – Our: “આપણું દેશ.” (Āpaṇuṁ deś) – Our country.
• તમારું (Tamāruṁ) – Your (plural or formal): “તમારું સંદેશ.” (Tamāruṁ sandeś) – Your message.
• તેમનું (Temnuṁ) – Their: “તેમનું સ્વપ્ન.” (Temnuṁ svapn) – Their dream.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Gujarati point to specific nouns and vary based on proximity.

• આ (Ā) – This: “આ સારું છે.” (Ā sāruṁ che) – This is good.
• એ (E) – That: “એ ખરાબ છે.” (E kharāb che) – That is bad.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in Gujarati are used when the subject and object of the verb are the same.

• પોતે (Pote) – Myself/Yourself/Himself/Herself: “હું પોતે વિચારું છું.” (Huṁ pote vichāruṁ chuṁ) – I think to myself.

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, places, or things.

• કોણ (Koṇ) – Who: “કોણ આવ્યું?” (Koṇ āvyuṁ?) – Who came?
• શું (Śuṁ) – What: “તું શું કરે છે?” (Tuṁ śuṁ kare che?) – What are you doing?
• ક્યાં (Kyāṁ) – Where: “તમે ક્યાં જાઓ છો?” (Tame kyāṁ jāo cho?) – Where are you going?
• કેટલું (Keṭluṁ) – How much: “આ કેટલું છે?” (Ā keṭluṁ che?) – How much is this?

Understanding and using Gujarati pronouns correctly is vital for effective communication. Practice forming sentences with each type of pronoun, and try to engage in conversations to apply these concepts actively. Remember, the context and the nuances of Gujarati grammar play a significant role in choosing the correct pronoun form.