Learning pronouns in Georgian, a Kartvelian language spoken primarily in Georgia, is essential for mastering the nuances of both spoken and written forms of the language. Georgian pronouns are characterized by their forms according to person, number, and, in some cases, gender. Unlike many languages, Georgian pronouns do not change form based on case. This guide covers personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, and interrogative pronouns, providing detailed explanations and examples for each.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Georgian replace nouns referring to people or things and are used based on the person being referred to.

Subject Pronouns:

• მე (Me) – I: “მე ვარ.” (Me var) – I am.
• შენ (Shen) – You (singular, informal): “შენ ხარ.” (Shen khar) – You are.
• ის (Is) – He/She/It: “ის არის.” (Is aris) – He/She/It is.
• ჩვენ (Chven) – We: “ჩვენ ვართ.” (Chven vart) – We are.
• თქვენ (Tqven) – You (plural or formal): “თქვენ ხართ.” (Tqven khart) – You are.
• ისინი (Isini) – They: “ისინი არიან.” (Isini arian) – They are.

Object Pronouns:

In Georgian, object pronouns are typically the same as subject pronouns and understood through context.

• მე (Me) – Me: “მე მიყვარხარ.” (Me miqvarxar) – I love you.
• შენ (Shen) – You: “შენ მიყვარხარ.” (Shen miqvarxar) – You love me.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Georgian indicate ownership or a relationship to something or someone.

• ჩემი (Chemi) – My/Mine: “ჩემი წიგნი.” (Chemi ts’igni) – My book.
• შენი (Sheni) – Your/Yours: “შენი სახლი.” (Sheni sak’li) – Your house.
• მისი (Misi) – His/Hers/Its: “მისი მანქანა.” (Misi manqana) – His/Her car.
• ჩვენი (Chveni) – Our/Ours: “ჩვენი ოჯახი.” (Chveni ojaxi) – Our family.
• თქვენი (Tqveni) – Your/Yours (plural or formal): “თქვენი გეგმა.” (Tqveni gegma) – Your plan.
• მათი (Mati) – Their/Theirs: “მათი სიახლე.” (Mati siakhle) – Their news.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Georgian point to specific nouns and vary based on proximity.

• ეს (Es) – This: “ეს არის კარგი.” (Es aris k’argi) – This is good.
• ის (Is) – That: “ის არის ცუდი.” (Is aris ts’udi) – That is bad.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in Georgian are used when the subject and object of the verb are the same.

• თავი (Tavi) – Myself/Yourself/Himself/Herself/Itself/Ourselves/Yourselves/Themselves: “მე ვიცვამ თავს.” (Me vitsvam tavs) – I dress myself.

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, places, or things.

• ვინ (Vin) – Who: “ვინ მოდის?” (Vin modis?) – Who is coming?
• რა (Ra) – What: “რა გინდა?” (Ra ginda?) – What do you want?
• რომელი (Romeli) – Which: “რომელი წიგნი?” (Romeli ts’igni?) – Which book?

Understanding and using Georgian pronouns correctly is vital for effective communication. Practice forming sentences with each type of pronoun and engage in conversations to apply these concepts actively. Remember, context and the structure of the Georgian language play a significant role in choosing the appropriate pronoun form.