Learning pronouns in Ukrainian, an East Slavic language spoken primarily in Ukraine, is crucial for mastering both spoken and written communication. Ukrainian pronouns are characterized by their forms according to person, number, gender, and case. This guide covers personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, and interrogative pronouns, providing detailed explanations and examples for each, including transliterations for pronunciation help.

Personal Pronouns

Subject Pronouns:

• Я (Ya) – I: “Я читаю.” (Ya chytayu) – I am reading.
• Ти (Ty) – You (singular informal): “Ти розумієш?” (Ty rozumiyesh?) – Do you understand?
• Він/Вона/Воно (Vin/Vona/Vono) – He/She/It: “Він співає.” / “Вона біжить.” / “Воно лежить.” (Vin spivaye / Vona bizhyt’ / Vono lezhyt’) – He sings. / She runs. / It lies.
• Ми (My) – We: “Ми граємо.” (My hrayemo) – We play.
• Ви (Vy) – You (plural or formal): “Ви знаєте?” (Vy znayete?) – Do you know?
• Вони (Vony) – They: “Вони працюють.” (Vony pratsyuyut’) – They work.

Object Pronouns:

• Мене (Mene) – Me: “Він бачить мене.” (Vin bachyt’ mene) – He sees me.
• Тебе (Tebe) – You: “Я люблю тебе.” (Ya lyublyu tebe) – I love you.
• Його/Її/Його (Yoho/Yiyi/Yoho) – Him/Her/It: “Я знаю його/її.” (Ya znayu yoho/yiyi) – I know him/her.
• Нас (Nas) – Us: “Вона запрошує нас.” (Vona zaproshuye nas) – She invites us.
• Вас (Vas) – You (plural or formal): “Він пам’ятає вас.” (Vin pam’yataye vas) – He remembers you.
• Їх (Yikh) – Them: “Я бачу їх.” (Ya bachu yikh) – I see them.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Ukrainian indicate ownership and agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

• Мій/Моя/Моє/Мої (Miy/Moya/Moye/Moyi) – My: “Моя книга.” (Moya knyha) – My book.
• Твій/Твоя/Твоє/Твої (Tvіy/Tvoya/Tvoye/Tvoyi) – Your (singular informal): “Твоя ідея.” (Tvoya ideya) – Your idea.
• Його/Її/Його (Yoho/Yiyi/Yoho) – His/Her: “Його собака.” / “Її сумка.” (Yoho sobaka / Yiyi sumka) – His dog. / Her bag.
• Наш/Наша/Наше/Наші (Nash/Nasha/Nashe/Nashi) – Our: “Наш дім.” (Nash dim) – Our house.
• Ваш/Ваша/Ваше/Ваші (Vash/Vasha/Vashe/Vashi) – Your (plural or formal): “Ваші друзі.” (Vashi druzi) – Your friends.
• Їхній/Їхня/Їхнє/Їхні (Yikhniy/Yikhnya/Yikhne/Yikhni) – Their: “Їхній автомобіль.” (Yikhniy avtomobil’) – Their car.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Ukrainian point to specific nouns and vary based on distance.

• Цей/Ця/Це/Ці (Tsey/Tsya/Tse/Tsi) – This: “Цей дім.” (Tsey dim) – This house.
• Той/Та/Те/Ті (Toy/Ta/Te/Ti) – That: “Та книга.” (Ta knyha) – That book.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in Ukrainian are used when the subject performs an action upon itself.

• Себе (Sebe) – Myself/Yourself/Himself/Herself: “Він миє себе.” (Vin myye sebe) – He washes himself.

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, places, or things.

• Хто (Khto) – Who: “Хто це?” (Khto tse?) – Who is this?
• Що (Shcho) – What: “Що ти робиш?” (Shcho ty robysh?) – What are you doing?
• Який/Яка/Яке/Які (Yakyy/Yaka/Yake/Yaki) – Which: “Який колір ти вибираєш?” (Yakyy kolyr ty vybyrayesh?) – Which color do you choose?

Understanding and correctly using Ukrainian pronouns is vital for navigating both simple and complex conversations. Practice forming sentences with each type of pronoun, and try to engage in conversations or writing exercises to apply these concepts actively. Remember, the nuances of Ukrainian grammar and the cultural context in which it is spoken play a significant role in choosing the correct pronoun form.