Learning pronouns in Galician, a Romance language spoken in the autonomous community of Galicia in Spain, is essential for mastering both spoken and written forms of the language. Galician pronouns are characterized by their forms according to person, number, gender, and case. This guide covers personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, and interrogative pronouns, providing detailed explanations and examples for each.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Galician replace nouns referring to people or things and change based on their function in a sentence.

Subject Pronouns:

• Eu (I): “Eu vou.” – I go.
• Ti (You – singular, informal): “Ti vés.” – You come.
• El/ Ela (He/She): “El come.” – He eats. / “Ela canta.” – She sings.
• Nós (We): “Nós falamos.” – We speak.
• Vós (You – plural, informal): “Vós corredes.” – You (plural) run.
• Eles/Elas (They – masculine/feminine): “Eles estudan.” – They study.

Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns:

Galician uses clitics for direct and indirect objects, which can precede the verb or attach to the infinitive, gerund, or affirmative commands.

• Me (Me): “El viume.” – He saw me.
• Te (You – singular, informal): “Eu chámeche.” – I call you.
• O/Llo/ A/Lla (Him/Her): “Eu atopeino.” – I found him. / “Eu atopeina.” – I found her.
• Nos (Us): “Ela convidounos.” – She invited us.
• Vos (You – plural, informal): “Nós amámosvos.” – We love you.
• Os/As (Them – masculine/feminine): “Eu vinosa.” – I saw them (feminine).

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Galician indicate ownership and must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

• Meu/Mea (My – masculine/feminine): “O meu libro.” – My book. / “A mea casa.” – My house.
• Teu/Tea (Your – singular, informal): “O teu carro.” – Your car.
• Seu/Súa (His/Her/Your formal): “O seu traballo.” – His work. / “A súa amiga.” – Her friend.
• Nosso/Nosa (Our): “A nosa historia.” – Our story.
• Voso/Vosa (Your – plural, informal): “A vosa pregunta.” – Your question.
• Seu/Súa (Their): “Os seus xoguetes.” – Their toys.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Galician point to specific nouns and vary based on proximity.

• Este/Esta (This – masculine/feminine): “Este día.” – This day. / “Esta noite.” – This night.
• Ese/Esa (That – masculine/feminine): “Ese home.” – That man. / “Esa muller.” – That woman.
• Aquel/Aquela (That over there – masculine/feminine): “Aquel libro.” – That book over there.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in Galician are used when the subject performs an action on itself, often appearing with reflexive verbs.

• Me (Myself): “Eu me lavo.” – I wash myself.
• Te (Yourself): “Ti te ves.” – You see yourself.
• Se (Himself/Herself/Itself): “El se corta.” – He cuts himself.
• Nos (Ourselves): “Nós nos divertimos.” – We enjoy ourselves.
• Vos (Yourselves): “Vós vos queixades.” – You complain.
• Se (Themselves): “Eles se coñecen.” – They know themselves.

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, places, or things.

• Quen (Who): “Quen é?” – Who is it?
• Que (What): “Que fas?” – What are you doing?
• Cal (Which): “Cal prefires?” – Which do you prefer?
• Canto/Canta (How much): “Canto custa?” – How much does it cost?

Understanding and correctly using Galician pronouns is vital for effective communication. Practice forming sentences with each type of pronoun, and try to engage in conversations or writing exercises to apply these concepts actively. Remember, the context, number, gender, and case are crucial in choosing the correct pronoun form in Galician.