Learning pronouns in Macedonian, a South Slavic language spoken primarily in North Macedonia, is essential for mastering both spoken and written communication. Macedonian pronouns are characterized by their forms according to person, number, gender, and case. This guide covers personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, and interrogative pronouns, providing detailed explanations and examples for each, including transliterations for pronunciation help.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Macedonian replace nouns referring to people or things and are used based on the person being referred to. Macedonian pronouns change form based on their grammatical case (nominative, accusative, dative, etc.), though the most commonly used cases are highlighted here.

Subject Pronouns:

• Јас (Jas) – I: “Јас одам.” (Jas odam) – I am going.
• Ти (Ti) – You (singular, informal): “Ти зборуваш.” (Ti zboruvash) – You speak.
• Тој/Таа/Тоа (Toj/Taa/Toa) – He/She/It: “Тој чита.” / “Таа пее.” / “Тоа свети.” (Toj chita. / Taa pee. / Toa sveti.) – He reads. / She sings. / It shines.
• Ние (Nie) – We: “Ние учиме.” (Nie uchime) – We study.
• Вие (Vie) – You (plural or formal): “Вие работите.” (Vie rabotite) – You work.
• Тие (Tie) – They: “Тие играат.” (Tie igraat) – They play.

Object Pronouns:

• Мене/Ме (Mene/Me) – Me: “Тој ме виде.” (Toj me vide) – He saw me.
• Тебе/Те (Tebe/Te) – You: “Јас те сакам.” (Jas te sakam) – I love you.
• Него/Негов (Nego/Negov), Неа/Нејзин (Nea/Nejzin), Него/Негово (Nego/Negovo) – Him/Her/It: “Јас го видов него.” / “Јас ја видов неа.” / “Јас го видов тоа.” (Jas go vidov nego. / Jas ja vidov nea. / Jas go vidov toa.) – I saw him. / I saw her. / I saw it.
• Нас/Нè (Nas/Ne) – Us: “Тој нè повика.” (Toj ne povika) – He invited us.
• Вас/Ве (Vas/Ve) – You (plural or formal): “Таа ве пофали.” (Taa ve pofali) – She praised you.
• Нив/Ги (Niv/Gi) – Them: “Јас ги знам нив.” (Jas gi znam niv) – I know them.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in Macedonian indicate ownership and agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.

• Мој/Моја/Мојо (Moj/Moja/Mojo) – My: “Мојата книга.” (Mojata kniga) – My book.
• Твој/Твоја/Твојо (Tvoj/Tvoja/Tvojo) – Your (singular, informal): “Твојот автомобил.” (Tvojot avtomobil) – Your car.
• Негов/Негова/Негово (Negov/Negova/Negovo), Нејзин/Нејзина/Нејзино (Nejzin/Nejzina/Nejzino) – His/Her: “Неговата идеја.” / “Нејзиното маче.” (Negovata ideja. / Nejzinoto mache) – His idea. / Her cat.
• Наш/Наша/Наше (Nash/Nasha/Nashe) – Our: “Нашата куќа.” (Nashata kukja) – Our house.
• Ваш/Ваша/Ваше (Vash/Vasha/Vashe) – Your (plural or formal): “Вашата задача.” (Vashata zadacha) – Your task.
• Нивен/Нивна/Нивно (Niven/Nivna/Nivno) – Their: “Нивното место.” (Nivnoto mesto) – Their place.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Macedonian point to specific nouns and vary based on distance.

• Овој/Оваа/Ова (Ovoj/Ovaa/Ova) – This: “Овој човек.” / “Оваа жена.” / “Ова дрво.” (Ovoj chovek. / Ovaa zhena. / Ova drvo.) – This man. / This woman. / This tree.
• Тој/Таа/Тоа (Toj/Taa/Toa) – That: “Тој ден.” / “Таа ноќ.” / “Тоа место.” (Toj den. / Taa nokj. / Toa mesto.) – That day. / That night. / That place.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns in Macedonian are used when the subject performs an action upon itself.

• Себе/Се (Sebe/Se) – Oneself: “Тој се гледа во огледало.” (Toj se gleda vo ogledalo.) – He looks at himself in the mirror.

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, places, or things.

• Кој/Која/Кое (Koj/Koja/Koe) – Who/Which: “Кој е тоа?” (Koj e toa?) – Who is that? / “Која книга?” (Koja kniga?) – Which book?
• Што (Shto) – What: “Што правиш?” (Shto pravish?) – What are you doing?
• Каде (Kade) – Where: “Каде е тоа?” (Kade e toa?) – Where is that?

Understanding and correctly using Macedonian pronouns is vital for navigating both simple and complex conversations. Practice forming sentences with each type of pronoun, and try to engage in conversations or writing exercises to apply these concepts actively. Remember, context and the nuances of Macedonian grammar play a significant role in choosing the correct pronoun form.